Research Methodology Multiple Choice Questions

Research Methodology Multiple Choice Questions

1) Who was the author of the book named "Methods in Social Research"?

Kerlinger

CR Kothari

Goode and Hatt

Wilkinson 

Answer: c) Goode and Halt

Explanation: The book named "Methods in Social Research" was authored by Goode and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student's knowledge as well as response skills.

2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?

Association among variables

Difference among variables

Regression among variables

Variations among variables 

Answer: a) Association among variables

Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables.

3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?

Research hypothesis

Synopsis of Research

Research paradigm

Research design 

Answer: d) Research design

Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that you require before research.

4) What is the main role of research in education?

To upsurge one's social status.

To increase one's job prospects.

To augment one's personal growth.

To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist. 

Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist

Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned educationalist.

5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?

Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.

Design sampling with probability sample techniques.

Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence. 

Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then move upward to make the theories.

6) How is random sampling helpful?

Reasonably accurate

An economical method of data collection

Free from personal biases

All of the above 

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility to get selected.

7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study?

Descriptive survey method

Historical method

Ex-post facto method

Experimental method 

Answer: c) Ex-post facto method

Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the basis of a particular characteristic or trait.

8) Tippit table refers to as _________

Table of random digits

The table used in sampling methods

The table used in statistical investigations

All of the above 

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.

9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?

Developing a research design

Formulating a research question

Deciding about the data analysis procedure

Formulating a research hypothesis 

Answer: b) Formulating a research question

Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research design.

10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in

Writing of Seminar representation

Preparation of research paper/article

A research dissertation

Presenting a workshop/conference paper 

Answer: c) A research dissertation

Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation, or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.

11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory research?

It recognizes knowledge as power

It is a collective process of inquiry

It emphasizes people as experts

Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge 

Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses participation and action.

12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of hypotheses?

It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.

It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.

Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.

Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested. 

Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.

Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.

13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false

The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true

Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected

None of the above 

Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true

Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.

14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?

R&D targets human development

R&D can enhance people's standard of living in the country

R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the country

All the above 

Answer: d) All of the above.

Explanation: No explanation.

15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?

Long-term research

Short-term research

Horizontal research

None of the above 

Answer: a) Long-term research

Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred over a while.

16) What do you understand by the term "Anusandhan"?

Goal-oriented

Following an aim

Attaining an aim

Praying to achieve an aim 

Answer: b) Following an aim

Explanation: No explanation.

17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________

How well are we doing?

Why are we doing?

What are we doing?

None of the above 

Answer: a) How well are we doing?

Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.

18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?

Research is not passive

Research is systematic

Research is not a problem-oriented

Research is not a process 

Answer: d) Research is not a process

Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise.

19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society?

To learn new things

To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge

To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources with the objective

All of the above 

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise.

20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research?

To over simplify the problem of research

To bring out the holistic approach to research

To create a new trend in research methodology

To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain 

Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research

Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more hypothetical disciplines into one activity.

21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________

Improve data interpretation

Confirm triangulation

Introduce new variables

Eliminate spurious relations 

Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations

Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new theories and discovering laws.

22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study?

Rating Scale

Interview

Questionnaire

Schedule 

Answer: c) Questionnaire

Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the Questionnaire is used.

23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other situations?

Casual Comparative Research

Historical Research

Descriptive Research

Experimental Research 

Answer: b) Historical Research

Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been done in India.

24) How to judge the depth of any research?

By research title

By research duration

By research objectives

By total expenditure on research 

Answer: c) By research objectives

Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to achieve through the research.

25) Who can successfully conduct Research?

Someone who is a hard worker

Possesses post-graduation degree

Has studied research methodology

Possesses thinking and reasoning ability 

Answer: c) Has studied research methodology

Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the research.

26) Which of the following is not the method of Research?

Survey

Historical

Observation

Philosophical 

Answer: c) Observation

Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new information or create a better understanding of a topic.

27) A research problem is feasible only when

It has utility and relevance

It is new and adds something to knowledge

It is researchable

All of the above 

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to be solved.

28) Circle graphs are used to show

How is one part related to other parts?

How various sections share in the whole?

How is one whole related to another whole?

How are various parts related to the whole? 

Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole?

Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data.

29) Authenticity of a research finding is its

Validity

Objectivity

Originality

All of the above 

Answer: b) Objectivity

Explanation: No explanation.

30) Which one is called non-probability sampling?

Quota sampling

Cluster sampling

Systematic sampling

Stratified random sampling 

Answer: a) Quota sampling

Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal opportunity to participate in the study.

31) What does a good thesis involve?

a) Reducing punctuations as well as grammatical errors to minimalist

b) Correct reference citations

c) Consistency in the way of thesis writing

d) Well defined abstract

Select the answers from the codes given below:

b), c) and d)

a), b), c) and d)

a), b) and c)

a), b) and d) 

Answer: B. a), b), c) and d)

Explanation: All of the above.

32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research?

a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out the solution to a problem.

b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses, data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done.

c) It is an intellectual inquiry or quest towards truth,

d) It enhances knowledge.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

a), b), c) and d)

a), b) and c)

b), c) and d)

a), c) and d) 

Answer: A. a), b), c) and d)

Explanation: All of the above.

33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans?

Evaluation Research

Fundamental Research

Applied Research

Action Research 

Answer: b) Fundamental Research

Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating the world around them.

34) What are the core elements of a dissertation?

Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations

Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography

Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References

Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions 

Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows:

Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

35) "Sampling Cases" can be defined as

Sampling using a sampling frame

Identifying people who are suitable for research

Literally the researcher's brief case

A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc. 

Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and the definition of the unit of analysis.

36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?

Systematic Sampling Technique

Purposive Sampling Technique

Area Sampling Technique

None of the above 

Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique

Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a regular interval.

37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of

Social relevance

Financial support

Researcher's interest

Availability of relevant literature 

Answer: a) Social relevance

Explanation: No explanation.

38) The F-test:

Is essentially a two-tailed test.

Is essentially a one-tailed test.

Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses.

Can never be one tailed test. 

Answer: c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses

Explanation: An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis.

39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population data?

Census

National Sample Surveys

Demographic Health Surveys

National Family Health Surveys 

Answer: a) Census

Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data.

40) The process not needed in experimental research is

Controlling

Observation

Reference collection

Manipulation and replication 

Answer: b) Observation

Explanation: No explanation.

41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable?

It is new and adds something to knowledge

It can be researched

It has utility and relevance

It contains dependent and independent variables 

Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the concerned area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eliminated, or a troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice pointing towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation.

42) How can we enhance the research objective?

By making it more valid

By making it more reliable

By making it more impartial

All of the above 

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the accomplishment.

43) Action-research can be understood as ___________

A longitudinal research

An applied research

A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

All of the above 

Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research methodology, which is implemented in social sciences.

44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions?

The cultural background of the country

Universities

Some specific characteristics of castes

All of the above 

Answer: a) The cultural background of the country

Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are often based on assumptions.

45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development?

Descriptive Research

Philosophical Research

Action Research

All of the above 

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: No explanation.

46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis?

For setting the hypotheses

To understand the difference between two variables

To understand the relationship between two variables

To understand the difference between various variables 

Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables

Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but unobserved variables.

47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn't necessitate experimental research?

Manipulation

Controlling

Content analysis

Observation 

Answer: a) Manipulation

Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent variables (i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers, then that process is termed as an experimental manipulation.

48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?

Numerical Aptitude

Marital Status

Socio-economic Status

Professional Attitude 

Answer: d) Professional Attitude

Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent.

49) The "Sociogram" technique is used to study _________

Vocational Interest

Human Relations

Professional Competence

Achievement Motivation 

Answer: b) Human Relations

Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person.

50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of research as a process?

Problem Solving

Trial and Error

Objective Observation

Systematic Activity 

Answer: c) Objective Observation

Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed by developing and expressing your ideas.